It would seem like Muslims would have a good reason not to trust others, wouldn’t it?
Ok, but in all seriousness, here are some other verses about Christians and Jews from the Quran that the media doesn’t like to talk about.
“Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians — whoever believes in God and the Last Day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord. And there will be no fear for them, nor shall they grieve” (2:62, 5:69, and many other verses).
“…and nearest among them in love to the believers will you find those who say, ‘We are Christians,’ because amongst these are men devoted to learning and men who have renounced the world, and they are not arrogant” (5:82).
“O you who believe! Be helpers of God — as Jesus the son of Mary said to the Disciples, ‘Who will be my helpers in (the work of) God?’ Said the disciples, ‘We are God’s helpers!’ Then a portion of the Children of Israel believed, and a portion disbelieved. But We gave power to those who believed, against their enemies, and they became the ones that prevailed” (61:14).
“And argue not with the People of the Scripture unless it be in (a way) that is better, save with such of them as do wrong; and say: We believe in that which hath been revealed unto us and revealed unto you; our God and your God is One, and unto Him we surrender.” (29:46).
”(And remember) when Allah said: O Jesus! Lo! I am gathering thee and causing thee to ascend unto Me, and am cleansing thee of those who disbelieve and am setting those who follow thee above those who disbelieve until the Day of Resurrection. Then unto Me ye will (all) return, and I shall judge between you as to that wherein ye used to differ.” (3:55).
Also, if Muslims were told not to trust Jewish or Christian people, then why would our Muslim men be allowed to marry people of “the book” (Jews and Christians)?
Look, the problem is that everyone and their dog thinks they know what Islam really is and stands for, but they don’t even have the sense to do research or look up information from real Muslims or from Islamic sources. It is really easy for anyone to take something out of context and make any religion look terrible. I could do the same with the Torah or the New Testament. As for Muhammad (pbuh) being “mighty bloodthirsty,” even Jesus stated in the Bible, “Do not think I came to bring peace. Nay, I did not come to bring peace. I came with a sword.” (Matthew 10:34).
Alas, I will leave you with this… You say that the Prophet, Muhammad (pbuh) came to “the party” late? Hmmm, this will be quite long, but the following will show what all took place before the birth of Jesus
9997 B.C. Aborigines in Australia paint on stone
portrayal of organized warfare
9996-5000 BC Cave paintings in Spain show bows in use
7000 B.C. Fired-clay pottery
6000 B.C. Simple bows common in northern Europe
5000 B.C. Crop irrigation in Egypt
4500 B.C. Badarian culture in Egypt with pottery, ivory
spoons, and imported items such as malachite
(green stone used for jewelry)
4000 B.C. Domestic cattle
4000 B.C. Wheels in Mesopotamia
4000 B.C. Stone tools still used in Egypt and Mesopotamia
4000 B.C. Egypt organized into nomos (provinces) ruled by
nomarchs (chiefs)
3600 B.C. Stone and wooden wheels widespread
3800 B.C. Copper artifacts in Iran
3500 B.C. Bread in Egypt
3500 B.C. Egyptians have mirrors of metal
3500-3100 B.C. Naqada culture in Egypt, which became Egyptian
state
3200 B.C. Hieroglyphic writing in Egypt
3100 B.C. Upper and Lower Egypt united under Menes,
first Pharaoh, starts Early Dynastic Period
3100 B.C. Writing, record keeping, and formal
administrative organization evident in Egypt
3000 B.C. Bronze (mix of tin and copper) tools common
in Middle East
3000 B.C. Chariots in Mesopotamia
3000 B.C. Ox teams pulling plows in Egypt
3000 B.C. Cuneiform writing in Sumer
3000 B.C. Sumerians use fillings in bad teeth
3000 B.C. Sumerians divide day into 24 hours
3000 B.C. Sumerians divide hour into 60 minutes
3000 B.C. Sumerians divide minute into 60 seconds
3000 B.C. Sumerians divide circle into 360 degrees
(a very divisive people, these Sumerians)
3000 B.C. Pharaoh Atothis writes first book on human
body (actually, ABOUT it, not ON it)
3000 B.C. Minoans flourish on Crete
3000 B.C. Troy inhabited
3000 B.C. Lyre in Sumeria
3000 B.C. Athens site inhabited
2773 B.C. Egyptians use calendar with 365 days
2700 B.C. Chinese make silk
2700 B.C. “Old Copper” culture, near Lake Superior, uses
copper for tools and ornaments
2700 B.C. Urak of Mesopotamia is first undisputed example
of fortified city
2700 B.C. Sumer has fully articulated military, including
standing army organized along modern lines
2700 B.C. Formal record keeping and administration used
throughout Mesopotamia
2700 B.C. First “recorded” war, between Sumer (Iraq area)
and Elam (Iran area), fought in Basra area
2686-2160 B.C. Period of Old Kingdom in Egypt, military staff
developed
2630 B.C. Egypt’s first pyramid, at Saqqara, by Pharaoh
Djoser
2600 B.C. Advanced soldering skills in Mesopotamia
2600 B.C. Paved highway in Egypt
2600 B.C. Tablets of Shruppak (Sumer) tell of city-states
equipping 600-700 soldier armies full time,
first evidence of standing professional armies
2550 B.C. Khufu’s Great Pyramid at Giza, 481 feet high
2525 B.C. First detailed account of a war, between Lagash
and Umma (both Sumerian city-states), recorded
in pictures on stele erected by victorious
Eannatum of Lagash (victors write history)
2525 B.C. Stele of Vultures (by Eannatum) shows war with
phalanxes 6 deep by 8 wide; armor; helmets;
spears; socket axes; sickle swords; and chariots
pulled by onagers (wild asses)
2500 B.C. Fortified cities are the norm in Mesopotamia
2500 B.C. Copper helmets with leather liners common in
Sumerian army, lessening impact of mace as a
weapon
2500 B.C. Battering ram developed to counter fortifications,
since armies on the move needed supplies hidden
in the cities
2500 B.C. Mesopotamians develop weights and measures
system
2500 B.C. Great Pyramid at Giza
2500 B.C. Egyptians performing surgery, and some
patients live
2400 B.C. Papyrus in Egypt
2300 B.C. Sargon’s army of 5,300 is big for the time
2300 B.C. Sargon the Great, of Akkad, launches conquest of
all of Mesopotamia, first great military dictator
2296 B.C. Chinese record sighting of comet
2250 B.C. First evidence of composite bow, during reign of
Naram Sin, grandson of Sargon the Great — able to
penetrate leather armor, double range of simple bows
2200 B.C. Duck decoys in use in Nevada
2200 B.C. Fortress of Buhen, in Sudan, had walls, firing
bastions, moat, and complex gates
2200 B.C. Egypt fortifies southern area to protect against
Nubian attack
2200 B.C. Queen Semiramis of Babylon builds first
tunnel under a river
2040-1786 B.C. Middle Kingdom period in Egypt, improvements in
command structure of military and government
2000 B.C. Celts begin spreading
2000 B.C. First zoo has opening day, in China
1900 B.C. Assyrians united in Mesopotamia
1900 B.C. Hittites begin smelting iron (technology
transfer often guarded as it spread)
1800 B.C. Bronze metalworking spreads through Europe
(note how long after Middle East — see 3000 B.C.)
1800 B.C. Babylonians have multiplication tables
1792 B.C. Hammurabi rules Babylon
1720 B.C. Hyksos invade Egypt, with mobility-based army,
chariots, composite bows (outranged Egyptians
by 200 yds), penetrating ax (vs Egyptian simple
ax), swords, body armor, helmets, and quivers
for rapid bowfire
1720 B.C. Hyksos establish capital at Avaris
1700 B.C. Knossos on Crete destroyed by fire
1674 B.C. Hyksos capture Memphis
1674 B.C. Half of Egypt ruled by foreign Hyksos kings, other
half by Thebes
1600 B.C. Greek hoplites popularize armor
1600 B.C. Mycenae (Greece) flourishes
1600 B.C. Water clock in Egypt
1570 B.C. New Kingdom Pharaohs begin expansion
1570-1546 B.C. Ahmose I of Thebes captures Avaris and drives out
Hyksos invaders
1567 B.C. Hyksos expelled from Egypt
1546-1526 B.C. Amenhotep I begins Egyptian drive into Asia
1525-1512 B.C. Thutmose I pacifies Nubia
1512-1504 B.C. Thutmose II pushes Egypt to the edge of Syria
1504-1450 B.C. Thutmose III, greatest warrior pharaoh (won 17
of 17 campaigns), established peak Egyptian
power, adopted best of Hyksos weapons and
mobility, and added archers on chariots,
reserve forces, communication improvements
(such as semaphore) and intelligence gathering
1500 B.C. Glassmaking perfected in Middle East,
including bottles in Egypt
1500 B.C. Sundials in Egypt
1500 B.C. Phoenicians found city of Tangier in
North Africa
1500 B.C. Pyramids are out, cutting tombs into rock is in
1450 B.C. Mycenae dominates Aegean
1450 B.C. Minoans overrun by mainland Greeks
1450 B.C. Egypt reaches greatest extent, through the
efforts of Thutmose III
1380 B.C. Nefertiti is queen-consort to Akhenaten
in Egypt
1361 B.C. Tutankhamen king of Egypt at age 9
1320 B.C. Mycenae reaches its peak
1300 B.C. Hittites first employ iron for weapons
1300 B.C. Egyptian army has special field intelligence
and commander’s conferences for staff planning
on the battlefield
1290-1224 B.C. Ramses II, master builder pharaoh, known to
Greeks as Ozymandias, has total army of 100,000
1288 B.C. Battle of Kadesh, Ramses II and an army of
20,000 ambushed by 16,000 Hittites, including
2,500 chariots. Ramses escapes from trap and
counterattacks as Hittites are looting the field.
Subsequent stalemate begins 17 fruitless war years.
1200 B.C. Hittites overrun by the Sea Peoples (mostly
displaced from Aegean region by northern
invaders, the Sea Peoples included Philis-
tines and other groups who later settled
in Palestine and surrounding area)
1200 B.C. Iron smelting perfected (in only 700 years)
and as Hittites are scattered, their ironsmiths
spread the knowledge
1200 B.C. Olmec civilization by Gulf of Mexico;
includes written language, use of numbers,
large temples, and intricate statues
1194-1163 B.C. Ramses III, last of great New Kingdom rulers
1190 B.C. Trojan War (between Troy and Mycenae)
1100 B.C. Phoenicians found Cadiz, Iberian Peninsula
1100 B.C. Mycenae falls to invaders
1100-800 B.C. Age of Darkness in Aegean area, Dorian and
Ionian invasions interrupt Mycenaean civilization
1020 B.C. Israelite tribes united under Saul
1000 B.C. Jerusalem becomes Israeli capital
1000 B.C. Saul succeeded by David
972 B.C. Solomon succeeds David
900 B.C. Celts spread through Gaul
900 B.C. First recorded mention of symbol for zero,
in India
883 B.C. Assyrian empire expands
814 B.C. Phoenicians found Carthage
800 B.C. Corinth founded
776 B.C. First Olympic Games
753 B.C. Romulus and Remus found Rome
750 B.C. Homer writing
750 B.C. Caste system firmly established in India
750 B.C. Etruscans expand Italian colonies
750 B.C. Greek colony of Cumae in Italy
734 B.C. Corinth settles Corcyra (Corfu)
732 B.C. Assyria takes Damascus
729 B.C. Assyria takes Babylon
722 B.C. Assyria takes Israel
721 B.C. Sargon II forms last Assyrian dynasty
(but he didn’t know it at the time)
715 B.C. Sparta beats Messenia (details at 11) in
First Messenian War
712-612 B.C. Assyrians dominate Fertile Crescent
700 B.C. Assyrians: 150-200,000 in army, with combined
arms field armies of 50,000 mixed infantry,
chariots, and cavalry
700 B.C. Biremes (two banks of oars) developed
700 B.C. Coins used in Lydia (Turkey)
700 B.C. Iron begins replacing copper in Europe
700 B.C. Saddle developed by Scythians (but no
stirrups, yet)
691 B.C. Assyrian 34-mile aqueduct carries water
to Nineveh
689 B.C. Assyrians destroy Babylon after it revolts
688 B.C. Boxing added to Olympics
671 B.C. Assyrians capture part of Egypt
663 B.C. Assyria peaks out
660 B.C. Byzantium (Istanbul) established
650 B.C. First reference of triremes (three rows of oars)
640 B.C. Kingdom of Macedonia started
625 B.C. King Cyaxares unites Median tribes
624 B.C. Horse racing added to Olympics
616 B.C. Etruscan king Tarquinius Priscus rules Rome
612 B.C. Medes and Babylonians sack Nineveh, and
Assyrian empire falls
610-545 B.C. Greek scientist/philosopher Thales of
Miletus teaches value of using reason and
observation to understand the world
609 B.C. Necho II is Pharaoh of Egypt, Necho canal
links Nile with Red Sea
605-562 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar II extends his empire and
builds the Hanging Gardens
600 B.C. Greek colony of Poseidonia (Paestum), Italy
600 B.C. Greek colony of Massilia (Marseilles)
600-509 B.C. Estruscan dominance of Rome
600 B.C. Chinese practice cultivating crops in rows
and hoeing intensively — not practiced in
Europe widely until 18th century
594 B.C. The archon named Solon brings BIG social
reform to Athens. Archons were among chief
magistrates of Athens. Solon brought laws
which ended enslavement for debt, intro-
duced right of appeal, amended methods for
contracts and taxation, and reduced powers
of hereditary aristocracy over the poor —
setting stage for later class struggles.
His name became term commonly used to
describe any wise lawgiver.
586 B.C. Chaldeans under Nebuchadnezzar II destroy
Jerusalem, and take Jews into captivity
585 B.C. Greek scientist/philosopher Thales of
Miletus predicts solar eclipse
563-483 B.C. Buddha
561 B.C. Peisistratus is tyrant of Athens, meaning
one who rules without legal warrant, but
not necessarily good or evil ruler
556-539 B.C. Nabonidus, King of Babylon, is first known
archaeologist (he didn’t have to dig far)
551 B.C. Birth of Confucius, Chinese philosopher who
taught you should treat others as you would
be treated
551-478 B.C. Confucius
550 B.C. Lao-Tzu outlines philosophy of Taoism
550 B.C. First Greek plays
539 B.C. Cyrus the Great (Persian) conquers Babylon
537 B.C. Persians free Jews from Babylonian rule
530 B.C. Cyrus the Great killed in battle
525 B.C. Persians under Cambyses II (son of Cyrus)
whip Egypt
512 B.C. Darius I (Persian) conquers Byzantium (do
you think he called himself “the first”?)
510 B.C. Spartan king Cleomenes I overthrows
Athenian tyrant Hippias
509 B.C. Rome becomes republic after throwing out
the last king
507 B.C. Cleisthenes gives democracy to Athens
500 B.C. First record of use of bow and arrow in
North America, perhaps brought from Asia
500 B.C. “The Art of War,” by Sun Tzu, mentions
powerful crossbows firing arrows
500 B.C. Persian Empire near its peak
499-448 B.C. Greek-Persian War
494 B.C. Spartan king Cleomenes I defeats city of
Argos
493 B.C. Rome allied with Latin League, the group
of cities in the Latium district around
Rome
490 B.C. Corinth foils plan of Spartan king
Cleomenes I to reinstall Hippias as
tyrant of Athens (apparently Cleomenes
thought Hippias would be easier to handle
than a democratic Athens)
490 B.C. Greeks bust Persian chops at Marathon
490 B.C. Battle of Marathon: 24,000 Persians vs 10,000
Greeks; 6,400 Persian dead, 192 Athenians dead
490-486 B.C. Massive Persian preparations for going
after Greece again
486 B.C. Egypt revolts against Persia, delaying
Darius’ rematch with Greece
485 B.C. Darius dies and Xerxes, his son, is king
of Persia
484 B.C. Persians put down Egyptian revolt
480 B.C. Greek philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus
active
480 B.C. Carthaginian sea captain, Hanno, explores
coast of West Africa with his fleet
480 B.C. Greek philosopher Pythagoras of Samos dies
(but left us his theorem)
480 B.C. Xerxes builds bridge across Hellespont, using
774 anchored boats
480 B.C. Greeks get big navy win over Persians at
Salamis, and Xerxes has a ringside seat
480 B.C. Persians squeak by Thermopylae, beat
Greeks, and loot and burn Athens (sounds
like a soccer game, with fans)
480 B.C. Xerxes goes back to Persia, leaving
Mardonius to mop up the Greek war
479-431 B.C. Golden Age of Athens
479 B.C. Aristides and Pausanias lead Greeks over
Persians at Plataea, destroying Mardonius
and his army
479 B.C. Greeks land in Asia Minor and defeat
Persian force at Mycale (Greeks lead the
series 4-1 )
478 B.C. Delian League established to maintain Greek
naval supremacy in Aegean, get Persians off
Greek islands, and free Greek colonies in
Asia Minor
469-399 B.C. Socrates
466 B.C. Greek Cimon defeats Persians at Eurymedon,
final battle to free Greeks in Asia Minor
465 B.C. Xerxes assassinated; son Artaxerxes I
succeeds him
460 B.C. Pericles influential in Athens
460-359 B.C. Hippocrates
460-445 B.C. FIRST PELOPONNESIAN WAR, between Athens
and Corinth-Sparta
450 B.C. Some of Delian League think Persian threat
is gone; they try to quit; they sleep with
the fishes when Athens says “NO”
450 B.C. Delian League becomes essentially Athenian
empire, provoking fear and opposition in
Sparta, Corinth, Thebes, and other cities
447 B.C. Parthenon construction started
445 B.C. “Thirty-Year Peace,” initiated by Pericles,
ends First Peloponnesian War
445 B.C. Rome removes ban on marriage between
patricians and plebeians
435 B.C. Naval war between Corinth and Corcyra
(Corfu): Corinth allied with Sparta;
Corcyra allied with Athens
433 B.C. Athens intervenes in naval war between
Corinth and Corcyra
432-404 B.C. SECOND PELOPONNESIAN WAR
432 B.C. Sparta declares war against Athens
432 B.C. Parthenon finished
431 B.C. Athens can put forth 13,000 hoplites; 16,000
older garrison soldiers; 1,200 mounted men;
and 1,600 archers
431-421 B.C. The Archidamian War, first phase of Second
Peloponnesian War
431-430 B.C. Sparta ravages Attica
430 B.C. Herodotus writes History of Persian Wars
(if you want to look good in history, you
better write it)
430 B.C. Pestilence hits Athens, behind her walls,
and one fourth of population dies
429 B.C. Pericles dies from the pestilence
427 B.C. Revolts of Corcyra and Lesbos against
Athens
427 B.C. First Sicilian expedition by Athens
427 B.C. Sparta and Thebes destroy Plataea, Athens’ ally
425 B.C. Athenians under Cleon and Demosthenes win
at Pylos and Sphacteria, an island off
southwestern Greek coast, and capture
Spartan prisoners. Sparta sues for peace
425 B.C. Oedipus Rex, play by Sophocles, performed
(Greece enters its Freudian period)
424 B.C. Boetians use flame thrower against wooden walls
of Delium
424-422 B.C. Spartan general Brasidas leads expedition
into Thrace to strike at Athenian posses-
sions in that region
422 B.C. Spartan general Brasidas and Athenian
general Cleon killed at Amphipolis
421-413 B.C. Peace of Nicias and Sicilian Expedition,
second phase of Second Peloponnesian War
421 B.C. Athens can put forth 1,300 hoplites and
1,000 horsemen
421 B.C. Peace of Nicias, between Spartan and
Athenian sides, scheduled to last 50 years
… but sporadic fighting continues
418 B.C. Sparta wins A BIG ONE at Battle of Mantinea
418 B.C. Melian Dialogue, where Athens discusses the
punishment island of Melos should get for
misbehavin’ — the decision, kill all the
men (WHAT KIND OF A DIALOGUE IS THAT?)
415 B.C. Athenians send an expedition to conquer
Sicily (as foreboding music plays)
415 B.C. Alcibiades defects to Sparta
414-404 B.C. The Ionian War, the final phase of the
Second Peloponnesian War
414 B.C. Sparta joins Syracuse against Athens
413 B.C. Sparta establishes fort at Decelea,
defeats Athenian force in Great Harbor of
Syracuse; captures and kills Nicias and
Demosthenes
412 B.C. Athenian counterattacks bring victories at
Chinos and Miletus
412-411 B.C. Some of Athenian allies revolt, Persians
join Spartan side, Athens raises another
fleet, AND GIVES ITS COMMAND TO ALCIBIADES,
the same guy who earlier betrayed Athens to
Sparta (these Athenians would be good to
have on your parole board)
411 B.C. Athenian naval victory over Spartan fleet
at Hellespont
411 B.C. End of Thucydides’ History
410 B.C. Alcibiades whoops a joint Spartan and
Persian force, Sparta suggests peace,
Athens refuses (greed is an ugly thing)
409 B.C. Carthaginians attack and seize cities in
Sicily (Athens could have used these guys)
408 B.C. Persian king Darius II sends his younger
son Cyrus to govern Asia Minor, and help
Sparta against Athens
408-407 B.C. Sparta allied with Persia
406 B.C. Carthaginians continue conquest of Sicily
405 B.C. Athenian fleet almost totally destroyed by
Spartan admiral Lysander, when he catches
it on the beach at Aegospotami (triremes
normally came to shore at night, but you
don’t want to sleep later than opponent)
405 B.C. Athens besieged
405 B.C. Dionysius (not a Carthaginian) becomes
ruler in Syracuse
404 B.C. Athens surrenders
404 B.C. SECOND PELOPONNESIAN WAR ENDS — Sparta
the winner
404 B.C. Egypt gains independence from Persia
401-400 B.C. Cyrus the Younger leads expedition against
his older brother Artaxerxes (now ruler of
Persia)
400 B.C. Cyrus the Younger dies in battle, and his
10,000 Greek mercenaries fight long route
back to Black Sea, through Persian army
and a bunch of other folks (“Retreat of
the Ten Thousand” written of by Xenophon)
400 B.C. Greek physician Hippocrates active
400 B.C. Greek philosopher Democritus suggests world
is made up of tiny particles called atoms
400 B.C. Greek gastraphetes (“belly shooter”), early
large crossbow, used as heavy artillery
400 B.C. Trace harness developed in China. The concept,
of a yoke across the chest with traces
connected, may have originated in use with
humans used to pull boats on canals. The
harness will arrive in Europe in 568 A.D.
400 B.C. Cast iron in use in China. Would be in use
in Scandinavia by late 8th century A.D. and
throughout Europe by 1380 A.D.
399 B.C. Socrates executed for being impious and
contributing to the delinquency of minors
(ah, back when crime didn’t pay)
399-394 B.C. Spartans war against Persians in Asia Minor
(how quickly those allies are forgotten)
397 B.C. Dionysius successfully defends Syracuse
against Carthaginians
397 B.C. Dionysius uses siege towers and catapults
against Motya
396 B.C. Rome’s first biggie — destroying Etruscan
city of Veii
394-393 B.C. Athenian admiral Conon, aided by a Persian
fleet, defeats Spartans and restores
fortifications of Athens
390 B.C. Gallic king Brennus sacks Rome and burns
it, and also smashes many of Rome’s
northern allies (payback to come later)
390 B.C. First known kite, in China
387 B.C. Plato founds Academy
387-386 B.C. Persian king helps Greeks negotiate peace
386 B.C. Thebans and Athenians renew war with Sparta
371 B.C. Theban king Epaminondas defeats Spartans at
Leuctra; Thebes dominates Greece.
370 B.C. Plato writes The Republic
362 B.C. Athens and Sparta form alliance against
Thebes
362 B.C. Theban king Epaminondas wins big victory
at Mantinea, but is killed, and Theban
power quickly peters out
359-336 B.C. Philip II is king of Macedonia, having
earlier been a hostage and student of
Epaminondas, at Thebes, where Philip took
lots of notes
359 B.C. Philip II begins thorough training program
for Macedonian army
350 B.C. Philip II of Macedon organizes special
military engineer group
343 B.C. Rome begins Samnite wars, which last 50
years but secure central Italy
342-270 B.C. Epicurus and followers, Epicureans,
advocating less dependence on material things
341 B.C. Persians reconquer Egypt
339 B.C. Philip II of Macedonia defeats Athens and
Thebes at Chaeronea, establishing
Macedonian dominion over Greece
338 B.C. Rome defeats Latin League (old ally of
Rome, there’s a lesson here) in Latin Wars
338-146 B.C. Hellenistic Age
336 B.C. Philip II assassinated; Alexander succeeds
him
336-323 B.C. Alexander rules
336 B.C. Rumors of Alexander’s death (while he is
fighting northern barbarians) cause several
Greek cities to revolt
336 B.C. Alexander comes home, quickly destroys
Thebes, and convinces the other cities that
rumors of his death are greatly exaggerated
334 B.C. Alexander crosses Hellespont and wins the
Battle of Granicus, opening Asia to him
333 B.C. Alexander defeats Persian king Darius III
at Battle of Issus
333 B.C. Alexander lays siege to Tyre in Phoenicia
332 B.C. Alexander captures Tyre, Gaza, and Egypt
332 B.C. Alexander founds Alexandria in Egypt (one
of over 20 towns by that name which he founded
— not very original, is he?)
331 B.C. Alexander defeats Darius III at Gaugamela or
Battle of Arbela: Darius III has army of
300,000 infantry; 40,000 cavalry; 250 chariots;
and 50 elephants — beaten by Alex and 60,000
327 B.C. Alexander invades India
323 B.C. Alexander dies at Babylon; the Diadochi
(“successors” in Greek) seek to control
the empire
323 B.C. Alexander’s general Ptolemy I gets Egypt
and Palestine
312 B.C. Romans begin building the Via Appia
(Appian Way)
305 B.C. Seleucus I Nicatur (the Conqueror) is king
of Macedonia
300 B.C. Greek mathematician Euclid active
300 B.C. Bantu people spread over eastern and
southern Africa
287-211 B.C. Archimedes
279 B.C. Greeks block Gauls at Thermopylae
270 B.C. Greek astronomer, Aristarchus, states the
Earth revolves around the sun
270-230 B.C. Alexandrian mathematician, Ctesibius,
invents the organ, the water pump, the
spring, and the valve
264-241 B.C. First Punic War
264 B.C. Carthage occupies Sicily, starting First
Punic War with Rome
264 B.C. Adulis in Ethiopia is large trade center
for trade between Africa and Arabia, with
goods from Europe and India as well
264-100 B.C. Frequent bouts of pirates in greater
Mediterranean Sea
256 B.C. Romans besiege Carthage, but are beaten
255 B.C. Roman fleet of 248 ships sunk in storm off
Cape Pachymus, losing 100,000+ men, fifteen
percent of military age men in Italy
250 B.C. Greek mathematician, Archimedes, states
laws of specific gravity
241 B.C. Romans defeat Carthaginians, ending the
First Punic War
240 B.C. Eratosthenes of Cyrene calculates Earth’s
circumference at about 24,000 miles (in
their units of course, he didn’t use miles)
240 B.C. First Latin literature, in Rome
239 B.C. Halley’s comet first recorded (but under an
assumed name)
238 B.C. Romans seize Sardinia and Corsica from
Carthage
237 B.C. Carthaginian generals Hasdrubal and
Hannibal conquer lots of Iberian Peninsula
227 B.C. Spartan king Cleomenes III defeats Achaean
League
222 B.C. Macedonian king Antigonus III helps Achaean
League to defeat Sparta (don’t these end-
less things make you think of that phrase
“what goes around comes around”?)
222 B.C. Alexandria is center of science and learning,
with 400,000 scrolls in library, and a 200
foot lighthouse to guide folks to the library
219 B.C. Hannibal attacks Romans at Saguntum
(Sagunto)
218 B.C. Hannibal crosses Alps into Italy
218 B.C. Rome declares war on Spain, starting Second
Punic War
218-201 B.C. Second Punic War
218 B.C. Battle of Trebia, Hannibal destroys Roman army
of 40,000
217 B.C. Battle of Lake Trasimene, Hannibal destroys
Roman army of 40,000
216 B.C. Hannibal is BIG (we’re talking REALLY BIG)
winner over Romans at Battle of Cannae,
destroying Roman army of 80,000
215-205 B.C. Macedonian-Rome Wars
215 B.C. Great Wall of China begun (but not by Han-
nibal, he had his hands full)
212 B.C. Mathematician Archimedes killed during
Roman siege of Syracuse
206 B.C. Roman general Scipio Africanus Major beats
Carthaginians in Spain
206 B.C. Seleucid king Antiochus III takes Armenia,
Parthia, and Bactria
206 BC-220 AD Crossbows common in China during Han dynasty
204 B.C. Roman general Scipio Africanus Major
invades Africa (that’s how he got his name)
202 B.C. Battle of Zama, Second Punic War
202 B.C. Seleucid king Antiochus III begins conquest
of Syria and Palestine
200-0 B.C. Han dynasty in China develops paper, gun-
powder,and moveable type
201 B.C. Rome, Pergamum, and Rhodes unite against
Philip V of Macedonia
200 B.C. Parisii tribe (Gauls) settle on site of
Paris
200 B.C. Iron horseshoes arrive (allowing
increased speed of cavalry and greater
mobility over rough ground)
200 B.C. Parchment in wide use
200 B.C. Stirrups in use (… IN CHINA ! … not
in the West for a long time)
200 B.C. Gimbals in use in China — not the department
store, but the basis of gyroscopes
200 B.C. Very expensive mail armor (from Latin macula, net)
197 B.C. Romans defeat Macedonians at Cynoscephalae
196 B.C. Seleucid king Antiochus III invades Thrace
(this is one busy guy)
191 B.C. Antiochus III defeated by Romans at
Thermopylae (no wonder … he was wore out)
184 B.C. Cato becomes censor of Rome (what were they
writing on those parchments?) — a censor
being one of two chief magistrates who
controlled registration of citizens and
property, and who were entrusted with
supervision of manners and morals
183 B.C. Hannibal commits suicide to avoid surren-
dering to Rome (ooo, way to hurt ‘em,
Hannibal … take that)
179 B.C. Perseus is king of Macedonia, succeeding
his father Philip V
168 B.C. Jews, under Maccabees, revolt against
Seleucids
168 B.C. Romans defeat Perseus of Macedonia and
abolish Macedonian monarchy (Macedonian
tabloids were furious)
157 B.C. Chinese arsenals contain 200,000+ crossbows,
of such complicated high-tolerance that
captured ones couldn’t be duplicated by
enemies, and the arrows were too short for
enemy bows
150 B.C. Hipparchus of Rhodes compiles first star
catalog (and Tom Cruise wasn’t in it)
149 B.C. Third Punic War starts when Carthage
attacks Roman ally Numidia
149-146 B.C. Third Punic War
146 B.C. Roman general Scipio Africanus Minor
(also known as Scipio Aemilianus)
destroys Carthage, after 3-year siege,
thus ending Third (and final) Punic War
146 B.C. Rome destroys Achaean League in Greece
(good year for Rome, bad for the rest)
139 B.C. Rome defeats Celts in Iberian Peninsula
and establishes Lusitania
130 B.C. List of Seven Wonders of the World, by
poet Antipater of Sidon, comes out to rave
reviews and goes to the top of the charts
121 B.C. Rome gains control of Gallic settlement of
Nimes (from which we got “de Nimes” or
“denims,” which is French for “the pants
you wear to look cool”)
119 B.C. Han dynasty in China nationalizes natural
gas, cast iron, and salt industries. The
natural gas was gotten by deep drilling
and used primarily to heat and speed
evaporation of the brine in the salt works.
111 B.C. China’s Han dynasty annexes Annam
(northern Vietnam)
106 B.C. Rome takes Gallic city of Tolosa (Toulouse)
105 B.C. Roman army adopts training methods used in
gladiator schools
105 B.C. Rome conquers Numidia (hey, weren’t they an
ally just a few lines ago?)
100 B.C. Greek grammarian Dionysius Thrax publishes
Art of Grammar
95 B.C. Armenia, under Tigranes I, begins to expand
91 B.C. Rome and allies begin Social War (isn’t
that an oxymoron?) — allies revolted
against Rome, and Rome declared that those
who submitted to Rome would have Roman
citizenship
89 B.C. Roman citizenship rights granted throughout
Italy
87 B.C. Rome captured by rebels in civil war
82 B.C. Roman general Sulla, using his private
army, recaptures Rome and becomes dictator
in an attempt to restore the oligarchy —
a dictator was usually a chief magistrate
with supreme authority, usually appointed
by Senate, usually in times of emergency,
and usually for a term of six months
80 B.C. Sulla smashes Etruscans; then they become
Roman citizens
77 B.C. First “encyclopedia”…Pliny the Elder’s
Historia Naturalis
73 B.C. Gladiator Spartacus leads uprising of
around 40,000+ fugitive Roman slaves
71 B.C. Spartacus killed at Lucania by Roman
general Marcus Licinius Crassus
63 B.C. Roman general Pompey conquers Palestine
60 B.C. Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar form
First Roman Triumvirate
59 B.C. Acta diurna, a news gazette, published
in Rome
58 B.C. Julius Caesar invades Gaul, starting
Gallic Wars
58-52 B.C. Gallic Wars
57 B.C. Julius Caesar defeats the Belgae, in
present day Belgium
55 B.C. Julius Caesar invades Britain
52 B.C. Vercingetorix unifies Gallic tribes
against Rome
51 B.C. Julius Caesar conquers Gaul, ending the
Gallic War (on a galling note for Gauls)
50 B.C. Glassblowing in Phoenicia
49 B.C. Julius Caesar crosses Rubicon into Italy,
starting a civil war
48 B.C. Julius Caesar beats Pompey at Pharsalus
(Pompey flees to Egypt, where he is
assassinated)
48 B.C. Egyptian civil war between Ptolemy III
and his sister Cleopatra
47 B.C. New Year starts on January 1st for first
time, with new Roman calendar
47 B.C. Caesar arrives in Egypt, with army, …
and likes Cleopatra … a LOT
47 B.C. Ptolemy killed
46 B.C. Caesar appointed dictator of Rome
44 B.C. Caesar assassinated
43 B.C. Mark Anthony, Octavian (Augustus), and
Lepidus are Second Roman Triumvirate
43-41 B.C. War of the Second Triumvirate (Rome)
42 B.C. Octavian and Mark Anthony defeat Brutus
and Cassius at Philippi (these two were
among the alleged killers of Caesar)
42 B.C. Mark Anthony finds he also likes Queen
Cleopatra … a LOT
37 B.C. Herod the Great rules Judea
31 B.C. Octavian defeats Mark Anthony at Actium
31 BC-450 AD Roman Empire
30 B.C. Mark Anthony and Cleopatra commit
suicide, separately
27 B.C. Octavian is first Roman emperor, and the
Senate names him Augustus (our Senate could
never get away with renaming presidents,
and CALLing them names just isn’t the same)
27 B.C. Octavian establishes Praetorian guard (see,
he did notice what happened to Julius)
23 B.C. Roman poet Horace writes his odes
20 B.C. Marcus Verrius Flaccus compiles first general
dictionary
12 B.C. Rome begins attempt to grab Germany
I suppose quite a few prophets showed up late to the party according to the history of mankind timeline….
